The question of how search engines assign geographical locations to domain names is an important aspect of SEO. The importance of geolocating a website is in local search: the big search engines usually have country-specific (e.g. yahoo.ca) and local searches. The algorithms powering these searches may favor websites relevant to the local search; for example, Canadian sites may be weighted more in Canada-specific searches.
There are many ways how SEs assign a geographical locations to a website. Bill Slawski has some excellent coverage of Google’s local search patents, in particular, this one. There he talks about how on-page content (such as a telephone number or an address) tip the Google that the website is related to a certain geographical area.
Recently, the Google Sitemaps blog spelled out (very clearly, for a change!) how to target non-US local searches. To quote that page:
If you want your site to show up for country-restricted searches, make sure it uses a country-specific domain (such as www.example.com.br). If you use a domain that isn’t country specific (such as .com), make sure that the IP address of the site is located in that country.
This tells us that the TLD of the domain name (.uk, .ca, .au, .br, .ch, .de, etc) is a strong hint in Google’s eyes. If you have a generic TLD, like .com or .net, then where the site is hosted is another hint for Google.
So that’s Google covered; how do MSN and Yahoo! deal with this issue? Over at SEOmoz, Rand posted in detail about how MSN determines non-US targeting of a website. The idea is quite clever: if a lot of Canadian websites link to your website, then your website is likely to be relevant to Canadians. How a search engine determines if a link website is Candaian or not is again based on hints like the TLD, its hosting location, etc.
So today, I launched a tool that does exactly what I described above: trying to assign a geographical location to a website. The tool, called the Domain Geolocator, does the three things described above:
- Look at the domain’s TLD, which is the biggest hint.
- Also look at the domain’s hosting location, which is useful for generic TLDs.
- Profile the countries of the incoming backlinks using the Yahoo! API. To do that, it fetches the top 1000 links of a website (or all of them if less than 1000) and counts the TLDs of the linking domains. Further, for each linking domain, you can view where it is hosted, again, mostly useful for linking domains with generic TLDs.
The data is cached, meaning the first time you run the tool, it is slow (imagine fetching 1000 links and processing them…) but later searches are fast. Further, the tool allows you to easily bookmark the results.
As always, feedback is most welcome. There have been a few suggestions to improve the tool already (!), but I’d love to get more comments to incorporate them into a future update.
The link again: Domain Geolocator.
[tags]SEO, Google, Yahoo, geolocation[/tags]